Рак желудка 

Упражнения на фразовые глаголы break bring. Фразовый глагол go упражнения

Фразовые глаголы уже не одно десятилетие привлекают внимание лингвистов, занимающихся как теорией, так и методикой преподавания английского языка. Несмотря на постоянно растущее количество публикаций, посвященных фразовым глаголам, в настоящее время существует много неразрешенных проблем, связанных с данным лексико-грамматическим явлением.

По крайней мере, в одном лингвисты сходятся во взглядах: фразовые глаголы – неотъемлемая черта современного английского языка. Более того, роль фразовых глаголов в лексическом фонде английского языка постоянно возрастает. Говоря о языковой ситуации в современной Англии, можно отметить значительный рост числа фразовых глаголов, которые, наряду с устойчивыми фразами и номинативными комплексами, приводят к увеличению степени идиоматичности английского языка.

Под фразовым глаголом мы понимаем продукт особого способа словообразования, характерного исключительно для глаголов и заключающегося в прибавлении к базовому глаголу послелога, что соответственно приводит к появлению нового лексического значения; образованные при этом сочетания (фразовые глаголы) рассматриваются как единые структуры.

В современном английском языке послелоги вступают в очень большое число сочетаний разных типов. Число сочетаний, одним из компонентов которых является послелог, непрерывно возрастало в английском языке с начала новоангликанского периода и продолжает расти. В современном английском языке особенно велико количество сочетаний послелога с глаголами. Их число неуклонно растет. Об этом свидетельствуют книги, словари, посвященные фразовым глаголам и их употреблению. Наряду с увеличением числа, растет и частота их использования. Это свидетельствует о том, что они выполняют нужную функцию, благодаря большей сжатости и в то же время большей выразительности.

Фразовые глаголы широко используются не только в разговорном английском языке. Многие из таких глаголов стали неотъемлемой частью языка газет, юриспруденции и экономики. Это объясняется тем, что многие фразовые глаголы с течением времени изменили «свое лицо», то есть перешли из одного стилистического пласта в другой, обрели новые значения и утратили старые. Некоторые фразовые получили более частое употребление, чем «простые» глаголы, являющиеся их синонимами.

Данная работа является попыткой рассмотреть 13 наиболее распространенных в английском языке фразовых глаголов: to come, to break, to look, to run, to put, to turn, to give, to get, to take, to go, to cut, to carry, to bring, объяснить их значение, закрепить теоретический материал в упражнениях.

Цель работы – в доступной форме познакомить учащихся с обозначенной темой и закрепить изученный материал в разнообразных заданиях. В пособие включены пять различных видов упражнений: замена выделенного выражения синонимичным фразовым глаголом, подбор недостающего предлога в отдельном предложении или в связном тексте, тестовые задания и перевод с русского языка на английский. К упражнениям прилагаются ключи с ответами, которые позволят проконтролировать, насколько хорошо студенты усвоили материал

Part 1.

About: to take place, to happen It’s difficult to explain how this quarrel came about

Across: to meet or find sb or sth by chance In the shop he came across his wife

At, up: to approach Christmas is coming up soon

Back on: to return I’ve just come back from Paris

By: to get, to obtain A good job like that is hard to come by

Down: to reduce itself A quarrel finally came down to different questions.

In: to become fashion, to begin to be used Women suits came in after Coco Chanel.

Into: to inherit He came into a lot of money when his father died

Off = about

Out: to be formally introduced In the 18 th century girls came out when they were 18

Over: to take control; to happen to A sudden fit of anger came over him.

What has come over him?

Round: to visit You should come round for dinner one evening and I’ll give you the list of all the employment agencies of our town.

To: to wake up after being unconscious I fainted, but came to myself very soon.

to reach sth A new political party has come to power.

To break

Down: to stop working (of cars, engines…) My car broke down so I took it away.

Into: to enter a place by force Thieves broke into while the family was away.

Off: to stop suddenly When Jane came in, she broke off Linda’s talk with me.

Out: to begin suddenly Fire broke out after the earthquake.

Out of: to escape from a prison or similar place We’ve thought over the plan to break out of jail.

Through: to be successful after overcoming a difficulty

She failed many times, but finally she broke through to pass her entrance exams.

Up: to stop for holidays; to end (a fight etc.) We are going to break up for holidays in a few days.

The army is on hand to break up any demonstrations against the regime.

With: to separate yourself from He broke with the Democratic party on the question of civil rights

After: to take care of Please, look after my child when I am away.

Back: to review the past David looked back on his early struggles and felt happy.

Down on (upon): to think of (a person or a thing) as less good or important Ann likes tennis but she looks down on football as too rough.

For: to try to find, to search for I spent all day looking for a job

Forward to: to expect smth with pleasure She was looking forward to that evening’s day.

Out: to take care, to be careful (usually used as a command or warning)

«Look out for the train!» – the sign at the railroad warned

Up: to check; to look for name, word … It’s a good habit to look up new words in a dictionary

Up to: to think of(someone) as a good example to copy Mr.Smith had taught for many years, and all the students looked up to him

After: to chase The ball rolled away and the children ran after it

Away: to leave and not plan to come back The warned the thieve not to run away

Into: to meet sb by chance; to join (mix) with; to reach an amount of several hundred, thousand I ran into my friend yesterday.

A lot of small rivers run into the Volga.

Out of: to have no more of We have run out of milk – go to the shop and buy some.

Over: to drive over At nights cars often run over small animals.

Exercises for Part 1.

Exercise I

Use suitable preposition to change underlined expression.

А) To come up, to come back, to come into, to come round, to come across, to come to, to come in.

  1. Christmas is approaching.
  2. I would have inherited a lot of money if he had died last year.
  3. I returned from my month’s holiday last week.
  4. He suddenly met his former teacher walking in the park.
  5. When Jack woke up after being unconscious he was lying in an alley and his wallet was gone.
  6. Wearing unisex suits began to be used after fashion revolution in 1960.
  7. Are you going to visit our party this evening?

В) To break off, to break down, to break out, to break up, to break into, to break with.

  1. The cooling system of my car stopped working and the engines overheated.
  2. Prince George has violated his family traditions by getting married to a shop assistant.
  3. On Saturday night fire suddenly started and destroyed half of New York.
  4. Promoters are people who help other relatively talented people to open the doors (of) the fashion industry.
  5. Ann has torn her engagement with American transport millionaire.
  6. In Germany all the schools stop for holidays in different months.

С) To look for, to look after, to look forward to, to look out, to look up to, to look back, to look down on, to look up.

  1. The Americans used to have very low opinion of Russia’s ways to defeat terrorism.
  2. Try to find necessary information in (this book).
  3. I often remember my school days and think about what happened.
  4. Her mother takes care of the children while she is at work.
  5. I’ve lost my wallet. Could you help me to search for it?
  6. He is a great example to all over the world for his philosophy of non- violence.
  7. I’m waiting for your coming.
  8. Don’t move ! There is a snake near your.

D) To run out of, to run after, to run away, to run into, to run into, to run over.

  1. Stop chasing me ! I’ll pay no attention to you anyway.
  2. We don’t have any bread . We shall do some shopping.
  3. “I will never come back!”- She cried and disappeared immediately.
  4. A car almost drove over my cat – she is in hospital now.
  5. I met my old friend yesterday.
  6. If a black colour flows into white colour, we’ll surely get a grey colour.

Exercise II

Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions.

A) To come (across, back, round, into, up, in, to)

  1. I’ve just come … from the first night of “Notre Dame de Paris” and I’m really inspirited.
  2. Don’t you have a birthday coming …?
  3. Swimming competition for men came … after World War I.
  4. I came … some old photos in the curio shop.
  5. We definitely should come…for lunch to the Smiths’.
  6. I came … myself after being unconscious for some time.
  7. Ann came … a lot of money when her old husband died.

B) To break (down, into, out, up, off, with)

  1. He has broken … some friends who had changed in their ideas.
  2. That man with an exquisite nose broke … my heart and now I can’t stop thinking about him.
  3. When do you break …for Easter?
  4. The elevators in this building are always breaking ….
  5. The speaker was interrupted so often that he broke … and sat down.
  6. An epidemic of measles broke …in the middle of the 19th century.
  7. The policemen were needed to break …the fight.

C) To look (after, for, forward to, up, back, down on, out, up to)

  1. I don’t remember her phone number – let me look it … .
  2. As Jane looked … her life seemed good to her.
  3. Mary looks … our children while we are at work.
  4. Young children look …. older ones, so older children should be good examples.
  5. I’m looking … …… hearing from you again.
  6. Julie looked … her classmates for their poor manners.
  7. Helen has lost her purse. She is looking … it.
  8. «Look …! » - John called as the car came towards me.

D) To run (into, out of, after, over, away, into)

  1. Many times Tommy said he would run … from home, but he never did.
  2. The truck’s run … gas again.
  3. Some boys spend a lot of time and money running … girls.
  4. This small brook (приток) runs … a big river.
  5. Guess who I ran …in town today!
  6. He was run … by a bus and killed.

Exercise III

Choose the correct answer.

A) To come

  1. coming down
  2. coming up
  3. coming across
  4. coming off

2. Several trees … in last night’s storm.

  1. came down
  2. came to
  3. came across
  4. came over

3. We … this wonderful little restaurant in the corner of the street.

  1. came down
  2. came across
  3. came at
  4. came by

4. Wait for me! I’ll … in a few minutes.

  1. come over
  2. come by
  3. come off
  4. come back

5. The book … two weeks ago.

  1. came down
  2. came across
  3. came out
  4. came up

6. The machinery … use in the 19 th century.

  1. came in
  2. came over
  3. came by

7. He … the possession of the farm when his uncle died.

  1. came out
  2. came into
  3. came about
  4. came to

B) To break

1. The principal … when that posh lady wearing fur – coat entered the room.

  1. broke out
  2. broke down
  3. broke into
  4. broke off

2. This terrible plane crash took place because the engines of the plane … .

  1. broke through
  2. broke down
  3. broke with
  4. broke up

3. He … my life like stormy wind.

  1. broke up
  2. broke out
  3. broke off
  4. broke into

4. Alice … her husband because he was extremely rude.

  1. broke with
  2. broke down
  3. broke through
  4. broke up

5. In Moscow University vacation … too late last year.

  1. broke out
  2. broke up
  3. broke into
  4. broke down

6. War … in 1812.

  1. broke down
  2. broke off
  3. broke out
  4. broke into

7. I was happy after having … the examinations.

  1. broken down
  2. broken up
  3. broken into
  4. broken through

8. It’s noteworthy that few prisoners manage to …places they are kept in.

  1. break out of
  2. break into
  3. break up
  4. break down

C) To look

1. I’m … a suitable hotel. Could you suggest one?

  1. looking out
  2. looking for
  3. looking forward to
  4. looking after

2. He … me and didn’t want to join a gym in my company.

  1. looked down on
  2. looked after
  3. looked back
  4. looked up

3. Every year children … their holidays coming.

  1. look after
  2. look forward to
  3. look for
  4. look back

4. Who will … the cat when you are out?

  1. look at
  2. look up
  3. look for
  4. look after

5. Never …, you can’t relieve the past.

  1. look out
  2. look back
  3. look down on
  4. look up to

6. Every child needs someone to … and copy.

  1. look after
  2. look back
  3. look up
  4. look up to

D) To run

1. I don’t like her very much. She is annoying and always … people.

  1. runs after
  2. runs over
  3. runs into
  4. runs out of

2. I … flour when I was cooking your favorite apple pie.

  1. ran away
  2. ran into
  3. ran out of
  4. ran after

3. Do you know who I … in the club – Sasha! I haven’t seen her for ages.

  1. ran over
  2. ran into
  3. ran after
  4. ran away

4. “…! I don’t want to see you after everything that has happened!”

  1. run over
  2. run into
  3. run after
  4. run away

5. The old lady fell seriously ill after being … by the car.

  1. run away
  2. run over
  3. run after
  4. run into

6. I have … a sport club.

  1. run after
  2. run away
  3. run over
  4. run into

Exercise IV

Translate from Russian into English.

  1. Откуда вы? (Из какой страны.)
  2. Все эти годы мы делали все возможное, чтобы преуспеть, а в итоге это ни к чему не привело.
  3. Я вернусь через неделю.
  4. Забеги к нам на ужин – мы будем очень рады.
  5. Она унаследовала все деньги дедушки.
  6. Не приближайся ко мне.
  1. Он порвал со своими друзьями из Москвы.
  2. Ночью воры ворвались в магазин.
  3. Пожар начался после землетрясения.
  4. Рассказчика перебивали так часто, что он остановился и сел за свой стол.
  5. Каникулы начнутся через две недели.
  6. Его здоровье испортилось.
  1. Георгий провёл весь день в поисках работы.
  2. «Осторожно, поезд!» – закричал мальчик.
  3. Я подумал о своём детстве, и это заставило меня улыбнуться.
  4. Уточни номер её телефона в справочнике.
  5. Антон с нетерпением ждал своей свадьбы с Ириной.
  6. Мама Насти попросила её посмотреть за младшим братом.
  7. Ему не нравятся учителя, которые свысока смотрят на всех учеников.
  8. Она обладала умом и прекрасным чувством юмора, и все стремились походить на неё.
  1. Они бегали друг за другом весь день.
  2. Илья ехал на велосипеде слишком быстро и чуть не переехал своего младшего брата.
  3. «Если ты и дальше собираешься вести себя таким образом, я ухожу!»
  4. Недавно я встретился со своим старым другом, с которым мы вместе прогуливали уроки (to play truant).
  5. Похоже, мы не доедем до Москвы: бензин закончился.
  6. Починка машины может обойтись нам в кругленькую сумму.

Список всех изученных глаголов. (Приложение 6)

Список использованной литературы:

  1. Enterprise Intermediate. Эванс В., Дули Дж. Express Publishing; 2003.
  2. Enterprise Pre-Intermediate. Эванс В., Дули Дж. Express Publishing; 2003.
  3. Проверь свой английский; Павлоцкий В.М.; КАРО; 2001 г.
  4. Практикум по грамматике английского языка; Павлоцкий В.М., Тимофеева Т.М.; КАРО; 2000 г.
  5. Тесты по грамматике английского языка. Пособие для старшеклассников и абитуриентов. Литвинов С.В.; М: Аркти; 2002.
  6. Практическая грамматика английского языка. Л. Романова; М: Статус; 2005.
  7. Advanced Grammar in Use. Хьюингс М. Cambridge University Press; 2005.

Упр. 1 Вставьте слова из в предложения:

in into off on on out over with

  1. Remember to go ____ your essay checking for grammar and spelling mistakes before you hand it in to the teacher.
  2. The bag really goes _______ your shoes.
  3. I’ll just go and find out what’s going _______ outside.
  4. He is planning to go ________ for politics after graduating from university.
  5. Please close the door as you go ______.
  6. I’d rather not go _____ detail now. can we discuss it later?
  7. Stop talking and go _______ writing!
  8. This bacon smells awful. I think it’s gone _________.

Упр.2 Read and translate the text, pay your attention to the phrasal verb go:

Amelia’s story

Amelia has been going through the difficult time at work, so she decided to cheer herself up by going in for a competition. The prize was a luxury holiday in the Carribean. Amelia has had to go without a holiday for several years now, so she really wanted to win. The competition was to write a story beginning ‘Suddenly the lights went out … . The problem was that Amelia could not think of an idea for the story.

‘How can I go about getting a good idea?,’ she asked me. ‘It must be something special so that the judges go for my story over all the others.’ I suggested she went to the library to go through some books of short stories — she might get some ideas there. So she went off to see what she could find.

She soon found some great stories. She read one and then another and she went on reading all afternoon. Then she noticed a strange smell and suddenly the lights went out. She looked up and saw that the library was on fire. Of course that gave her the idea for the story. I hope she wins.

going through — experiencing an unpleasant or difficult situation

go in for — doing or competing in

go without — not have something you usually have

went out — stopped giving light

go about — start to do or deal without something

go for — choose

go through — examine the contents of something very carefully

went off — left a place to go to somewhere else

went on — continued

Упр.3 Complete the text, using the particles from the exercise 2:

I was going _______ some old letters the other day when I found one from my friend Nancy. After high school she had gone _______ to train as a doctor and ended up in Africa. She had to go ______ years of very hard study before she qualified. Life in Africa was not as comfortable as it was in our hometown, and there were many things she had to go _______ which the rest of us think of as necessities in our daily lives. But despite all the hardships, she went _____ working and helping people less fortunate than herself. I admire her so much. I wondered how I might go _______ making contact with her again, as I have no idea where she is living now.

Упр.4 Rewrite these sentences using phrasal verbs with go so that they keep the same meaning. Перепишите эти предложения используя фразовый глагол go так, чтобы они не потеряли смысл первого предложения:

  1. I’m thinking of competing in the New York Marathon next year.
  2. There were some difficult times in my father’s life.
  3. Unemployment and high crime levels often exist side by side.
  4. He decided to undergo the operation even though there were risks.
  5. I refused to support their decision to close the youth club.
  6. I didn’t realise how late it was and I didn’t stop studying till after midnight.
  7. We had to survive with no hot water for 24 hours while they were repairing the pipes.
  8. Do you think I should try the advanced level exam? It might be too difficult.
  9. She just left without saying goodbye. I wonder if I offended her?
  10. What was happening in the staffroom at lunchtime? I heard someone shouting.

Английские фразовые глаголы представляются довольно сложными для запоминания. Однако они встречаются настолько часто, что без них никак не обойтись. Фразовые глаголы я рекомендую начать изучать на втором уровне изучения языка, хотя самые распространенные глаголы встретятся вам уже на первом уровне. Это, например, глаголы: look for (искать), go on (продолжать), come back (возвращаться). Вы можете изучить их, перейдя по ссылке ниже.

Этот урок для продолжающих, и сначала давайте проверим, хорошо ли вы знаете английские фразовые глаголы look, make, give, take. Именно с этими глаголами мы будем подробно знакомиться в этом уроке. Для этого выполните вводное упражнение №1 и проверьте себя по ключам.


Exercise 1 (вводное). Complete the sentences by putting the right verb in.

take away look after take after take off look through make up give up take back

  1. – I’d like a cheese pizza, please. – To eat here, or to … away?
  2. Who is going to … after your cat when you are away?
  3. The coat I bought is too small for me, do you think I should … it back to the shop?
  4. I have no time to read the book, but I’d like to … it through.
  5. I won’t … off my jacket: I’m not staying long.
  6. Is it true story or have you … it up?
  7. Unfortunately she didn’t … after her mother, she is a lazybones.
  8. I know the task is difficult but don’t … up.

Английские фразовые глаголы look, make, give, take

1. Глагол Look

1. look – смотреть (основное значение)

Look + предлог

2. look at – смотреть на
3. look in(to) – смотреть в
4. look out of – выглянуть из

Look + прилагательное = выглядеть

5. look happy – выглядеть счастливым
6. look like – выглядеть как (быть похожим)

Look + фразовая частица

1. look for – искать
2. look after – присматривать за
3. look up – посмотреть в словаре
4. look through – просматривать
5. look forward to – с нетерпением ждать

Exercise 1.

  1. Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. (A proverb).
  2. I am looking forward to the trips in the mountains.
  3. I have forgotten the pronunciation of the word ‘acquaintance’, where can I look it up ?
  4. The girl looked frightened , and she seemed to be afraid to look at anybody around her.
  5. Hearing the noise in the corridor, the teacher opened the door and looked out of the classroom.
  6. The streets with rows of young trees along them looked especially beautiful early in spring.
  7. What are you looking for on my bookshelves?
  8. The boy looked very much like his father – they even had the same manner of turning their heads.
  9. Have you looked through the paper yet?

Exercise 2 . up, after, forward to, for, through.

  1. Look ….the baby while I’m out.
  2. If you look …. it carefully, you’ll see the mark.
  3. The schoolchildren always look … the holidays.
  4. I’ve been looking …. my glasses for a half an hour.
  5. He looked ….. the book to see if he had read it before.
  6. Why are you here? Tom is looking …. you downstairs.
  7. Don’t worry! The children will be looked….
  8. He looked …. me for a few moments and then smiled.
  9. He asked me to look ….. the document.
  10. I am looking …. your letter.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Что он ищет?
2. Не смотри на меня так.
3. Она смотрела в зеркало.
4. Ребенок выглядел больным.
5. Девочка выглянула из окна и помахала мне рукой.
6. Как она выглядит?
7. Соседка будет присматривать за собакой, когда вы уедете.
8. Он с нетерпением ждал ее письма.
9. Если не знаете слова, вы можете посмотреть его в словаре.
10. Он взял газету и внимательно просмотрел ее.

2. Глагол Make

1. make – делать своими руками (изготавливать)

Make + предлог

2. make from – делать из одного продукта другой (с процессом переработки)
3. make of – делать из одного продукта другой (без переработки)

Make + фразовая частица

1. make up – сочинять, придумывать
2. make up – накладывать косметику
3. make up oneself – краситься
4. make up with smb – помириться с кем-то
5. make out – разобраться, понять (с трудом)
6. make off – быстро уйти, удрать, смыться

Exercise 1. Переведите, обращая внимание на выделенные сочетания.

  1. Cheese is made from milk.
  2. The table is made of wood.
  3. He made off soon after dinner.
  4. I can’t make out the theorem.
  5. They kissed and made it up.
  6. She has made up herself.
  7. They made him up as an old man.
  8. I’ve just made up a story.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the missing words: up, off, out.

  1. She is a very strange girl, I can’t make her….
  2. They boy gave a letter to Sherlock Holmes and made ….
  3. I don’t like it when young girls make themselves ….
  4. Do you know what wonderful poem Ted had made… for Christmas?
  5. Please, make it… with your brother. You both look unhappy.
  6. I don’t believe you. You’ve made it all… .
  7. Don’t make … . I’ve got something to tell you.
  8. Let’s make him … as a pirate, dress him in a pirate costume.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Я помирился с своим братом.
2. Он всегда сам сочиняет свои песни.
3. Я не могу разобрать, что здесь написано.
4. Ты удрал так быстро, что я не смог попрощаться с тобой.
5. Что он сказал? Я ничего не понял.
6. Масло делают из молока.
7. Эта фигура сделана изо льда.

Глагол make (изготавливать) часто путают с глаголом do (делать). Выполните упражнение ниже. Если вы неуверенны в правильности своих ответов, изучите тему «».

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the verbs make or do.

1. Can you …. me a cup of tea ?
2. I …. him write this exercise again.
3. Art ….. our lives brighter.
4. Be careful! You … too many mistakes.
5. I’m sure he’ll …. his duty.
6. They …… an experiment with no result.
7. He is not a person to …. any harm to you.
8. Stop ….. excuses!

3. Глагол Give

1. Give – давать (основное значение)

Give + предлог

Give + фразовая частица

3. give back – отдавать назад, возвращать
4. give out – раздавать
5. give away – отдавать, дарить
6. give up – отказаться, бросить, перестать заниматься чем-то

Set-expression (устойчивое выражение)

7. give up the idea of doing something – отказаться от мысли решить какую-то проблему (признать, что ты не ее решить не можешь)

Exercise 1. Переведите, обращая внимание на выделенные сочетания.

  1. At last I gave up the idea of traveling in such bad weather.
  2. Why did you give up the idea of learning French?
  3. I have read all these books and I want to give them back.
  4. Now I’d like to give you out some books.
  5. I don’t want to keep this money, I prefer to give it away.
  6. Don’t give up hope.
  7. She decided not to give up music, though it wasn’t easy to find time for it.
  8. I don’t know, I give up . What is it?

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the right word: back, out, away, up.

  1. Oh, I’ve given … my collection of badges. I’m not interested in badges anymore.
  2. My friend Liza says she will never give … singing.
  3. I want to ask Mike to give me my bicycle … : I’d like to ride it after school.
  4. Who can help me to give this food … ?
  5. Please, don’t give … the idea of joining our basketball team. You are one of the best player I’ve ever met.
  6. She always gives … old newspapers and magazines after she has read them.
  7. Have you given the books … to the library yet?
  8. My father gave … skiing after he broke his leg.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Мне можно раздать все эти тарелки и чашки? Помогите мне, пожалуйста.
2. Никогда не расставайся с надеждой.
3. – Угадай, какой из двух — городов столица Австралии: Сидней или Канберра? – Не знаю. Я сдаюсь.
4. Зачем ты отдала этот журнал? Я еще не читала его.
5. Я перестала заниматься танцами, когда мне было десять лет.
6. Я не могу отказаться от мысли съездить в Лондон, чтобы увидеть этот город собственными глазами.
7. Катя вернула книгу рассказов, теперь ты можешь взять ее.
8. Попробуй еще раз, не сдавайся. Ты можешь это сделать.

4. Глагол Take

1. Take – брать (основное значение)

Take + предлог

2. take smth with — взять что-то с собой
3. take smb to some place — взять (сопроводить) кого-то куда-то
4. take out – вытащить, вывести

Take + фразовая частица

1. take back – отнести на место, вернуть
2. take away – убрать, унести (прочь), увести (прочь)
3. take off – a) снимать, убирать; b) взлетать (о самолете, вертолете)
4. take up – заняться чем-либо, напр. to take up music
5. take after – быть похожим на кого-либо из родственников (о характере)

Exercise 1. Переведите, обращая внимание на выделенные сочетания.

  1. Everybody says that I take after my father, but my little brother Paul takes after our mother.
  2. If you are not going to eat the cake, take it away.
  3. Could you take the children away : I don’t think they should see this film.
  4. Take your coat and hat off, it’s quite warm in here.
  5. Let’s take the curtains off and wash them.
  6. Don’t forget to take the books back to the library.
  7. We made the girl take the dog back to its master.
  8. He quarreled with his mother, because he didn’t want to take up music lessons.
  9. Take the dog out for a walk.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the missing words after, up, away, out, off, back.

  1. He came home, took … his shoes and changed his clothes.
  2. Can I ask you to take this bicycle … to Peter?
  3. I was surprised to see how much the boy took … his father.
  4. We’ve got to take … all the portraits in the classroom and dust them.
  5. I don’t need the magazines anymore, you can take them … .
  6. Look, the plane is going to take … .
  7. What are all these books doing here? Why don’t you take them … to the bookcase?
  8. The king ordered to take the boy … and punish him.

Exercise 3. Express the same in English.

1. Можно мне снять свитер? На улице очень тепло.
2. Как только самолет взлетел, у меня ужасно разболелась голова.
3. Все дети похожи на своего отца, все они веселые и работящие.
4. Пожалуйста, отнесите эту книгу соседке, это ее книга.
5. Эта карта на стене очень старая. Давай снимем ее.
6. Убирайте отсюда свои игрушки, пожалуйста. Уже пора ложиться спать.

Phrasal Verbs

1. To be (was/were)

    To be about – быть поблизости, неподалёку

    To be against– быть против

    To be back – вернуться

    To be behind – иметь задолженность

    To be for – быть за, поддерживать

    To be in – быть в помещении (дома, на работе)

    To be off – быть свободным от работы, отмененным

    To be on – идти, демонстрироваться (о фильме)

    To be out / away – уйти, отсутствовать на месте

    To be over – закончиться

    To be through – завершить ч - л

    To be up – встать, проснуться / истечь (о времени)

    To be up to… - зависеть от к - л

    “The lesson is …”, the teacher said.

    An interesting film is …at our club.

    Are you…or …this idea?

    She is… in the rent for her flat.

    The flight was…and the passengers were sitting in the terminal.

    Can you tell me when he’ll be…?

    Sorry, Ann is … at the moment.

    We’ll be…with this work in 2 days.

    Your time is…, start your answer.

    I’ve just seen him, he must be somewhere …

    I can’t help, it’s …you to solve this problem.

2. To break (broke / broken)

1. To break down – сломаться , выйти из строя

2. To break off – обрывать, внезапно прекращать

3. To break out – неожиданно начаться, вспыхнуть (о пожаре, войне, ссоре)

4. To break up – прекращать занятия, закрываться / разгонять, расходиться

5. To break with – отказаться от ч-л, порвать с к-л

1) It’s difficult for him to break…his old bad habits.

2) The machine has broken…

3) The lyceum will break… in June.

4) A fire broke …during the night.

5) They broke …the conversation.

3. To bring (brought / brought)

1. To bring about – вызвать, стать причиной (ссоры)

2. To bring back – напомнить ч - л

3. To bring down – снижать (цену / отметку)

4. To bring in – внести ч-л, / приносить доход / упоминать, приводить

5. To bring out – публиковать, выпускать в свет / выявлять

6. To bring over – переубедить

7. To bring round – приходить в себя

8. To bring up – воспитывать

1) She brought…four children.

2) It’s not an easy thing to bring him…

3) Nobody could guess what brought…the quarrel.

4) The story brought …the days of their friendship.

5) A glass of cold water soon brought her…

6) When are they going to bring… your new book?

7) These mistakes have brought…your mark.

8) Don’t forget to bring… the suitcase.

9) You should bring…all the details.

10) I don’t know how much the new factory will bring…

4. To call

1. To call at – заезжать , заходить

2. To call for – требовать, взывать к ч-л

3. To call in – вызывать, приглашать для консультации

4. To call off – отменять

5. To call on – заходить к к - л

6. To call out – объявлять, выкрикивать

7. To call to – кричать к-л

8. To call up – звонить / призывать в армию

9. To call upon / on - обращаться к к-л., призывать

1) The committee called… the workers to stop the strike.

2) He called… gardener to open the gates.

3) He will call…the office later.

4) When did he call …you last?

5) When the son got ill, they called…the doctor.

6) I’ll call…him and we’ll go to the party.

7) The flight was called…

8) He called…each name twice.

9) Young people are called…at the age of 18.

5. To clear

1. To clear away – убрать со стола

2. To clear out – очищать, убирать

3. To clear up – приводить в порядок / выяснить / проясняться (о погоде)

1) Let’s wait till the weather clears …

2) Who will clear the table…?

3) I think he has already cleared everything…

4) The room needs clearing…after the party.

6 . To come (came / come)

    To come across – случайно встретиться, натолкнуться на ч-л

    To come along – идти с к-л, сопровождать

    To come back – вернуться

    To come from – быть родом

    To come down – снижаться

    To come in – войти

    To come off – оторваться, отлететь

    To come on – пойдём , Come on! – Живей ! / Вперёд ! ( на стадионе )

    To come out – появляться в печати

    To come over – охватить, овладеть / прийти в голову

    To come to … - прийти в голову (об идее)

    To come up with - придумать идею , план

    To come up – приближаться, подходить

    Suddenly a fear came …me.

    Come… or we’ll be late!

    He came …a brilliant idea.

    When does her new book come…?

    May I come…?

    Where did you come…?

    A very interesting idea came … my mind.

    I came …this book in a little shop.

    Come …here. I want to talk to you.

    Come… with us, or you’ll miss the bus.

    The button has come… my coat.

    The plane came…and the passengers got off.

    When did she come…from her trip?

7. To cut (cut / cut)

1.To cut down – сокращать , урезать

2. To cut in – вмешиваться , вставлять замечания

3. To cut off – разъединять , отрезать , выключать

4. To cut out – вырезать, кроить / выбрасывать

5. To cut out for - быть созданным для ч-л

1) Не is cut…for an actor.

2) We have to cut…our expenses.

3) The electricity was cut…for several hours.

4) Stop cutting…with your remarks.

5) She has already cut…her skirt.

6) The editor cut…the last paragraph.

8. To do (did/done)

    To do away with – покончить с ч - л

    To do out – убрать , вычистить

    To do up – застёгивать , прихорашиваться

    To do with – хотеть , нуждаться

    To do without – обойтись без ч - л

    I think we can do… a dictionary.

    I am hungry, I could do…a sandwich.

    Jane did herself…for the party.

    Dan never did… his coat, even in winter.

    She is doing …her house for the birthday party.

    It won’t be easy to do …with this bad habit.

9. To fall (fell / fallen)

1. To fall back - отступать

2. To fall behind – отставать , запаздывать

3. To fall off – уменьшаться

4. To fall on - нападать на к-л

5. To fall out with – ссориться

6. To fall through – потерпеть неудачу

1) He fell …with his family and went away.

2) The output has been falling …for 2 months.

3) The troops had to fall …

4) All their plans fell …because she had fallen ill.

5) He fell…the others to write a dictation.

6) When I told that I wouldn’t do it, they all fell…me.

10. To find(found / found)

    To find fault with – придираться к к - л

    To find oneself – найти себя(свой талант)

    To find out – выяснять , обнаруживать

    You can’t trust him until you find everything…

    He found… after graduating from the university.

    She’s unpleasant. She always finds… people.

11. To get (got / got)

    To get about – ездить , путешествовать

    To get along / on with – жить / поживать / ладить с к - л

    To get at – добраться до

    To get away – уходить, убегать, спастись

    To get smth back – получить ч-л назад, вернуться

    To get down – приняться за ч-л

    To get off = out of – сойти , слезть ( о транспорте )

    To get on / in / into – сесть на (о транспорте) / в машину

    To get over – выздороветь, оправиться после болезни

    To get through – преодолеть ч-л, закончить дело, сдать экзамен

    To get together – собираться, встречаться

    To get up – вставать, подниматься

    We got… the seaside early in the morning.

    If he gets … early, he’ll come on time.

    Get… this bus and get … in 5 stops.

    The woman has got… her bag after the flight.

    The students have got … all the exams and went home.

    It was too hard for her to get… after the illness.

    The more we get .., the happier we’ll be.

    My aunt got…the world on board the ship.

    How do they get…? Pretty well.

    A thief couldn’t get… from the police.

    They got …to work and did everything quickly.

12. To give (gave / given)

    To give away – отдавать / раздавать, дарить

    To give back – возвращать

    To give in – уступать

    To give out – раздавать ( учебники )

    To give up – отказаться от ч-л

1) He had to give… smoking as he got sick.

2) Give …the textbooks.

3) They gave… their food for free at the funfair.

4) “I give…”, said the boy.

5) Give me…the book in 2 days, please.

13. To go (went / gone)

    To go about – распространяться

    To go by – проходить (о времени)

    To go by – ездить на к-л виде транспорта

    To go in for – заниматься / увлекаться

    To go off – погаснуть / испортиться

    To go on – продолжать

    To go out – уйти из дома

    To go through – испытать, пережить

    To go with – гармонировать, подходить к ч-л

    To go without – обойтись без ч - л

    Your handbag should go…your gloves and shoes.

    Mike doesn’t go…sports.

    She went …, time was going …but nobody saw her anymore.

    The news went … very quickly.

    My grandparents have gone … lots of hardships during the war.

5) The meeting went…. for 2 hours.

6) The lights went… and the film began.

7) I think that to go there …train will be more comfortable.

8) You may take this book. I can easily go …it for a month.

14. To hold (held / held)

1. To hold back – прятать , сдерживать

2. To hold on – подождать у телефона(не вешать трубку)

3. To hold out – держаться, упорствовать

4. To hold up – останавливать, задерживать

1) The partisans hold …for 6 days.

2) The policeman hold…the traffic.

3) She could hardly hold …the tears.

4) Hold…! Mr.Smith will speak to you!

15. To keep (kept / kept)

1. To keep at – настойчиво делать ч - л

2. To keep away – держаться в стороне от ч-л

3. To keep back – задерживать, скрывать ч-л

4. To keep from – воздерживаться от ч-л

5. To keep in – не выходить, оставаться в помещении

6. To keep off – не затрагивать, воздерживаться от ч-л

7. To keep on – продолжать делать ч-л

8.To keep out of – не вмешиваться

9. To keep to – придерживаться ч-л

10. To keep up with – не отставать от, держаться наравне

1) After his illness the boy couldn’t keep …with the class.

2) Keep …it, my boy!

3) You should keep…playing football.

4) The doctor advised him to keep…meat for some time.

5) They were kept …by a heavy rain.

6) You should keep your car…

7) I’ll keep …nothing from you.

8) Keep…with this work.

9) Keep …the topic of the conversation.

10) You’d better keep …the quarrel.

16. To let (let/let)

1. To let down – подвести к - л , оставить в беде

2. To let in – впускать

3. To let into – посвящать в тайну

4. To let off – отпустить, освободить от ч-л

5. To let on – выдать секрет

6. To let out – выпустить ч - л ( воду )

1) Don’t let… about his arrival.

2) If you don’t tell the truth, you will let me … badly.

3) Let the water …of the bath-tub.

4) Let the cat…, please.

5) They let him…with a fine.

6) I am not going to let her…the secret.

17. To look

    To look after - заботиться, ухаживать за к-л, ч-л

    To look around – осмотреться

    To look at - смотреть на

    To look back – вспоминать ч - л

    To look down on smb . – смотреть свысока на к-л

    To look for – искать

    To look forward to – ждать с нетерпением ч-л

    To look in – навещать, заходить

    Look out! – Осторожно ! Берегись!

    To look through – просматривать ч-л с целью поиска информации

    To look up – искать, смотреть (в словаре)

    Look…! There is a car coming.

    Could you look … my dog while I am on vacation.

    I’ll look…and see you next week.

    If you don’t know the word, look it … in the dictionary.

    Have you seen my mobile phone? I’m looking … it everywhere.

    Look … this picture, please.

    I looked …and saw many beautiful pictures.

    He is so arrogant: he always looks …all the people.

    I‘ve looked… lots of books so as to write a report.

    At the end of the letter we usually write: “I’m looking…to seeing you soon”.

    My granny likes to look…the old photos in the album and looks …the past.

18. To make (made / made)

1. To make for – содействовать , способствовать ч - л

2. To make out – разобрать (на слух или зрительно), понять, уяснить

3. To make up – составить, приготовить

4. To make up to - заискивать перед к-л

1) It’s difficult to make …the meaning of the sentence.

2) This work will make …good relations between our countries.

3) Nobody respects those who make …to influential people.

4) Make… a dialogue, please.

19. To put (put / put)

    To put aside – отложить (в сторону)

    To put away – убирать , прятать

    To put back – ставить на место

    To put down – записывать

    To put forward – предложить (идею)

    To put off – отложить / задержать

    To put on – надевать одежду / обувь

    To put on weight – толстеть , набирать вес

    To put out – потушить ( огонь )

    To put up – вывешивать (объявление)

    To put up with – примириться с к-л

    Close your books and put them…

    The teachers will put a notice…about the new courses.

    I don’t want to put…any more weight!

    Can you put the book …when you have finished with it?

    He is very active: he always puts… a lot of new ideas.

    Take your notebooks and put…all the words that are on the board.

    Mr. White put …his trip to Washington until next month.

    Mary is not ready yet. She hasn’t put her dress …

    Never put … till tomorrow what you can do today.

    The boys put …quickly after the quarrel.

    My mother puts all warm clothes…in summer.

    It took three fire fighters to put the fire…

2 0. To run (ran / run)

    To run after – преследовать к-л

    To run away – сбежать, уклоняться, избегать ч-л

    To run down – остановиться (о часах)

    To run into – случайно встретиться с к-л

    To run off – убежать (о жидкости)

    To run out of – закончиться, истощить запас ч-л

    To run over – задавить (транспортом)

    To run the business / the financial side – вести бизнес / финансовые дела

    Mr. Brown is the owner of the restaurant, and his wife runs...

    The police officers were running…the criminal, and he couldn’t run …from them.

3) Yesterday I ran…my friend whom I haven’t seen since we left school.

4) Why are you so upset? – My kitten was run… by a car.

5) I’ll have to go to the baker’s as we’ve run…of bread.

6) The milk has run…, I have to clean the stove.

7) My watch ran… and I was late for my classes.

21. To see (saw/seen)

1. To see about – позаботиться о ч - л , навести справки

2. To see off – провожать отъезжающих

3. To see out - проводить из помещения

4. To see to – присмотреть за ч-л

1) Will you see me…?

2) He promised to see … the matter.

3) I’ll see…your luggage.

4) We’ll see you… at the airport.

22. To set (set/set)

1. To set about – начинать , приступать

2. To set aside – откладывать

3. To set in – наступить , начаться

4. To set off / out – отправляться

5. To set up – воздвигать

1) They set…on a trip.

2) He set…building his summer house.

3) The monument was set …in the centre of the town.

4) Winter sets…very early in this place.

5) I’ve set... some books for you.

23. To take (took / taken)

    To take after – быть похожим на

    To take away – уносить , забирать

    To take back – возвращать

    To take a bus – сесть на …

    To take down – снять (со стены, полки) / записывать под диктовку

    To take off – снять (одежду, обувь) / оторваться от земли, взлететь

    To take pictures – фотографировать

    To take over – брать под управление

    To take up – браться за ч-л

    The shop has been taken… by a foreign company,

    The son took …his father .

    You should take the book… to the library in a week.

    I’ve taken … stamp collecting and it’s really interesting.

    He took the picture … and gave it to me.

    Don’t take …your sweater, it’s cold.

    We took… and got off in 10 minutes.

    Let’s watch the planes taking …while we wait.

    Have they taken the things …?

    He is a talented photographer, he has been taking…from his childhood.

24. To talk

1. To talk back – возражать , дерзить

2. To talk into – уговорить

3. To talk out of – отговорить

4. To talk over – обсудить

1) Let’s talk this…

2) Don’t talk…!

3) He talked his son … it.

4) He talked his parents …buying a new bicycle.

25.To turn

    To turn around - оглянуться

    To turn back –

1. Поставьте в предложение подходящий фразовый глагол, используя глагол из первого столбца и необходимый предлог – из второго. Некоторые глаголы и предлоги используются не один раз. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.

Take

Put up

Fill off

Try forward

Turn on

Look for

Give in

Grow after

Get out

Н-р: She … at 6 a.m. because her work starts early. (Она встает в 6 утра, потому что ее работа начинается рано.) – She gets up at 6 a.m. because her work starts early.

  1. Can I … these sandals, please? (Можно примерить эти сандалии?)
  2. It’s too cold outside. … a warm coat and a hat. (На улице слишком холодно. Надень теплое пальто и шапку.)
  3. It’s too hot inside. Can I … my jacket? (В помещении слишком жарко. Могу я снять куртку?)
  4. Mary is going to become a doctor when she … . (Мэри собирается стать врачом, когда вырастет .)
  5. Don’t forget to … the light when you leave the bathroom. (Не забудь выключать свет, когда выходишь из ванной.)
  6. Please … this registration form. (Пожалуйста, заполните этот регистрационный бланк.)
  7. We’re … to meeting your wife. (Мы с нетерпением ждем встречи с твоей женой.)
  8. Ann is so tolerant and kind. She likes … children and old people. (Аня так терпелива и добра. Ей нравится ухаживать за детьми и пожилыми людьми.)
  9. …! The baby is going to fall! (Осторожно ! Малыш может упасть!)
  10. Sorry. I can’t … with you tonight. I am very busy. (Извини. Я не могу пойти прогуляться с вами вечером. Я очень занят.)
  11. He is … a job as a lawyer. (Он ищет работу на должность юриста.)
  12. Bob smoked for 20 years but he … six months ago. (Боб курил 20 лет, но бросил 6 месяцев назад.)
  13. I’d like to watch the news. Could you … the TV, please? (Я бы хотел посмотреть новости. Не мог бы ты включить телевизор?)
  14. This word is new for me. I have to … it … in my dictionary. (Это слово для меня новое. Мне нужно отыскать его в словаре.)
  15. We must … our reports tomorrow morning. (Мы должны сдать наши отчеты завтра утром.)
  16. Oh god! We have … at a wrong station. (О боже! Мы высадились не на той станции.)

2. Образуйте фразовые глаголы с основой to be , подставляя предлоги из строки ниже. Поставьте подходящие по смыслу предлоги в предложения.

on up in off away up to

Н-р: Where is your brother? – He is … on holiday. (Где твой брат? – Он уехал в отпуск.) – He is away on holiday.

  1. Can I speak to Helen, please? – Sorry, she isn’t … at the moment. (Могу я поговорить с Хелен? – Извините, ее нет на месте в данный момент.)
  2. Close the door. I am … to work. (Закрой дверь. Я ухожу на работу.)
  3. It’s your life and it’s … you: to forgive me or not. (Это твоя жизнь, и от тебя зависит : простить меня или нет.)
  4. What is … at the cinema tomorrow? (Что показывают завтра в кино?)
  5. The fish smells awful. It is … . (Рыба ужасно пахнет. Она испортилась .)
  6. Look at the window: the light is … . So your parents are … . (Посмотри на окно: свет включен . Значит, твои родители дома .)
  7. What’s … ? Why is Rachel crying? (Что случилось ? Почему Рэйчел плачет?)

3. Поставьте в предложения подходящие предлоги, образуя фразовый глагол.

on up down out

  1. Hurry … ! We’ll be late for the train. (Поторопись ! Мы опоздаем на поезд.)
  2. Come …! Wake … ! It’ 10 o`clock already. (Давай ! Просыпайся ! Уже 10 часов.)
  3. I’ve got a headache. Could you turn the music … ? (У меня болит голова. Не мог бы ты сделать музыку потише ?)
  4. Your story isn’t true. You have made it … . (Твоя история лживая. Ты ее выдумал .)
  5. You shouldn’t drop the litter here. Please, pick it … . (Тебе не следует бросать здесь мусор. Пожалуйста, подними его.)
  6. I’ll try to find … the answer. (Я постараюсь разузнать ответ.)
  7. You must sort … the problem with the electricity today. (Ты должен устранить проблему с электричеством сегодня.)
  8. Put … all the fires before leaving the forest. (Потушите все костры перед тем, как уходить из леса.)
  9. Clear … the bedroom when you have finished your games. (Уберитесь в спальне, когда закончите играть.)
  10. Tom works … at the gym with great pleasure. (Том тренируется в спортзале с большим удовольствием.)
  11. Hang … , I’ll take my bag and money. (Подожди , я возьму сумку и деньги.)
  12. Go … , I’m listening to you very carefully. (Продолжай, я тебя очень внимательно слушаю.)
  13. I do hope that you will come and help me tomorrow. Don’t let me … . (Я очень надеюсь, что придешь и поможешь мне завтра. Не подводи меня.)
  14. His parents died, so his aunt brought him … . (Его родители умерли, поэтому его воспитала тетя.)
  15. Why are they going to knock … this building? (Почему они собираются сносить это здание?)
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